Kidney Disease and Treatment

Kidney

Kidneys are paired organs, each sharing equally the work of removing wastes and excess water from the blood. Remarkably, a single kidney can do the job of both if one kidney is lost through injury or disease. It sometimes occurs, although rarely, that a person is born with only one kidney. Such people are able to lead normal lives.

Canser

Bacterial infections, most frequently caused by the common intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli, can occur in any part of the urinary system. Antibiotics usually conquer the infection, although recurrent and chronic infections are not uncommon. The incidence of kidney and bladder cancer has risen markedly in the last 30 years. These cancers have been linked to various causative agents, primarily cigarette smoking, abuse of analgesics, obesity, and certain industrial chemicals. Treatment typically includes removal of cancerous tissue, followed by radiation therapy.

1.) Cystitis

In medicine, inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually from bacterial infection originating in the urethra, vagina, or, in more complicated cases, the kidneys. Cystitis may also be caused by irritation from crystalline deposits in the urine or from any condition or urologic abnormality that interferes with normal bladder function. Symptoms include painful or difficult urination, urinary urgency, and, in some cases, cloudy or bloody urine. Treatment is primarily with antibiotics.

2.) Diagnosis and treatment of disease and disorder

Urologists treat common disorders of the urinary system, including urinary tract infections; enuresis, the involuntary discharge of urine; cystitis, the inflammation of the bladder; tumors of the bladder; and mineral deposits in the kidney, commonly known as kidney stones. Urologists also specialize in disorders of the male reproductive system, such as enlargement of the prostate gland, and reproductive problems such as infertility and impotence.

3.) Gouty nephrophaty

Repeated attacks may result in the development of a condition known as chronic tophaceous gout. In this condition crystals of uric acid lodge as white, chalky material in soft body tissues and in and about the joints, where they may cause bursitis and destruction of bone. Large and deforming deposits may, after many years, settle in the outer margins of the ears, a characteristic feature of the disease. Chronic gout may also cause kidney damage by the formation of uric acid stones, a condition called urate, or gouty, nephropathy.

4.) Hermorrhagic fever

Hantaviruses, any of several members of the virus family Bunyaviridae that infect vertebrates (animals with backbones, including humans). Unlike most members of this family, which are carried by mosquitoes, ticks, or flies, hantaviruses are carried by specific rodent hosts and are transmitted directly from host to host by virus-laden saliva, urine, and feces. Humans are infected through exposure to the dried excretions from infected rodents. Hantaviruses cause two different human diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, in which damage to the kidneys is common, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, in which damage to the lungs is common.