KIDNEY INFECTION *

Treatment by preventing bacterial cell division
Loracarbef
Antibiotic drug used in the treatment of illnesses including bronchitis, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection, skin infection, urinary tract infection, and kidney infection—all of which are caused by specific bacteria. Loracarbef prevents the cell division and growth of bacteria by interfering with the formation of bacterial cell walls.
This drug is available by prescription in tablets and a dissolvable powder. The typical adult dosage is 200 to 400 mg every 12 hours for seven days. A reduced dosage based on body weight is prescribed for infants and children under the age of 12. The drug begins to take effect in about one hour.
Loracarbef should be taken at least one hour prior to eating or two hours after eating. Its use should continue for the full seven-day course to prevent reinfection. It should not be taken by persons with a known allergy to loracarbef or to cephalosporin-class antibiotics. It should be used with caution, at a reduced dosage, by persons with impaired kidney function, a history of colitis, penicillin allergies, and persons taking potent diuretics to increase the volume of urine excreted. This drug has not been proven safe for pregnant or breast-feeding women or for children under six months of age.
The most common side effects of loracarbef are diarrhea, abdominal pain, and skin rashes. Less common side effects are colitis, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, headache, sleepiness, nervousness, insomnia, and dizziness. Use of loracarbef with potent diuretics increases the risk of kidney disease. Use with probenecid, an antigout drug, increases the levels of loracarbef in the bloodstream.

Treatment by interfering with bacterial metabolism
Nitrofurantoin
antibiotic drug used to treat bacterial infections of the bladder and kidneys. Nitrofurantoin kills susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella bacteria by breaking down cell walls and interfering with the bacteria’s metabolism.This drug is available by prescription only. It is taken orally in 25-mg, 50-mg, and 100-mg tablets and as a liquid suspension of 25 mg per 5-ml spoonful. The typical adult dosage for treatment of infections ranges from 50 to 100 mg every six hours, day and night. For prevention of recurrent infections, the usual adult dosage is 50 to 100 mg taken at bedtime. Dosages for children and infants over one month old are determined on the basis of age and weight and given on a similar schedule. The drug begins to take effect within 20 to 30 minutes.To prevent stomach irritation and increase the effectiveness of nitrofurantoin, it should be taken with a meal or a glass of water or milk. The liquid should be shaken well before measuring, and the dose may be diluted in water, milk, fruit juice, or baby formula. Although nitrofurantoin may cause the symptoms of a urinary tract infection to disappear within a few days, it should be taken for the length of time prescribed. If dizziness or drowsiness occurs, driving and other risk-related activities should be avoided. Nitrofurantoin should not be used by pregnant women, especially in the third trimester; by breast-feeding women; persons with impaired kidney function; or infants less than one month old. It should be used with extreme caution by persons with anemia, diabetes, electrolyte imbalances, vitamin-B deficiency, or any debilitating disease.Nitrofurantoin is a potentially toxic drug with many side effects. Stomach irritation is the most common. Nitrofurantoin may also cause abdominal or stomach pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, nausea, or vomiting. A normal but harmless side effect is a change in the color of urine for the duration of treatment. Occasionally this drug may have serious, adverse effects on the lungs or liver. The elderly have an increased chance of experiencing side effects.This drug may interact adversely with other drugs including acetazolamide, anticholinergic medications, magnesium trisilicate, nalidixic acid, oral antacids, probenecid, sodium bicarbonate, and sulfinpyrazone.